Russia failed in its bid to win support for the easing of Western sanctions at the 42nd International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) Assembly in Montreal, which concluded on October 3. In a paper to delegates, Moscow had denounced restrictions on aircraft parts and overflights as "unlawful coercive measures", arguing that they endanger flight safety and breach global rules. Since invading Ukraine in 2022, Russia has lost direct access to Airbus and Boeing spares, leaving its airlines dependent on indirect imports to keep over 700 jets flying. Russia also failed to secure enough votes to regain its seat on the ICAO governing council.